MeasurementNoise#

class popo.estimation.MeasurementNoise(voltage_pu=0.002, substation_pq_fraction=0.02, smart_meter_pq_fraction=0.1, line_pq_fraction=0.02, floor_mw=1e-05)#

Bases: object

Standard deviations of the measurements an estimator is given.

Substation instrumentation at a secondary is typically class 0.5 for both power and voltage. Smart meters are far coarser and enter as pseudo-measurements rather than as measurements, which is why their deviation is an order of magnitude larger.

Variables:

  • voltage_pu – Substation voltage deviation, in per unit.

  • substation_pq_fraction – Substation power deviation, as a fraction of the reading.

  • smart_meter_pq_fraction – Customer power deviation, as a fraction of the reading.

  • line_pq_fraction – Deviation of a power-flow sensor on a line, as a fraction of the reading; real instrumentation, like the substation’s.

  • floor_mw – Absolute floor, so a near-zero reading does not get a near-zero deviation and dominate the solution.

substation_pq_sigma(reading_mw)#

Deviation for a substation power reading.

Return type:

float

smart_meter_pq_sigma(reading_mw)#

Deviation for a smart-meter pseudo-measurement.

Return type:

float

line_pq_sigma(reading_mw)#

Deviation for a line power-flow sensor reading.

Return type:

float